Ecosystems

Bowling Green State University is also in close proximity to Lake Erie and its associated wetlands and drainage systems, such as the Maumee River, which has been designated a State Scenic River. The ecological integrity of Lake Erie has been seriously compromised owing to environmental contamination, the introduction of exotic species, and the physical alteration of the basin and shoreline. Agricultural runoff and human sewage has increased phosphorus levels, leading to eutrophication. The persistence of toxic substances such as PCBs, dioxins, and DDT were implicated in the decline of bald eagles in the 20th century (bald eagles have been removed from the endangered species list, but remain a protected species under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act), and in reproductive and developmental abnormalities in double-crested cormorants. The introduction of exotic species, such as zebra mussels and the macrophytic purple loosestrife, have had a profound impact on community structure. Draining, dyking and shoreline development have substantially reduced or altered the functioning of adjacent wetland habitats. The marsh areas along the southwestern shore of Lake Erie are critical for the maintenance of ecosystem function and health and are important habitat for wildlife, such as waterfowl and river otters (the latter is being reintroduced to the region). Northwest Ohio is at the convergence of two major flyways for migratory birds (the Mississippi and Atlantic flyways), and these marsh areas and their adjacent forests serve as important stopover sites for migrating raptors and songbirds. For example, Crane Creek State Park is one of the premiere birding hotspots in the country for observing the annual spring migration.